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The Symphony No. 103 in E-flat major (H. 1/103) is the eleventh of the twelve so-called London Symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. This symphony is nicknamed The Drumroll, after the long roll on the timpani with which it begins. ==Composition and premiere== The symphony was the last but one of twelve that were composed for performance in England during Haydn's two journeys there (1791–1792, 1794–1795). Haydn's music was well known in England well before the composer traveled there, and members of the British musical public had long expressed the wish that Haydn would visit. The composer's reception in England was in fact very enthusiastic, and the English visits were one of the most fruitful and happy periods of the composer's life. Haydn composed the "Drumroll" Symphony while living in London during the winter of 1794–1795. The "Drumroll" Symphony was premiered on March 2, 1795 as part of a concert series called the "Opera Concerts", at the King's Theatre. The orchestra was unusually large for the time, consisting of about 60 players. The task of directing the work was divided between the concertmaster, the violinist Giovanni Battista Viotti, and Haydn, who sat at a fortepiano. The premiere was evidently a success, and ''The Morning Chronicle'' :''Another new Overture ''(symphony )'', by the fertile and enchanting Haydn, was performed; which, as usual, had continual strokes of genius, both in air and harmony. The Introduction excited deepest attention, the Allegro charmed, the Andante was encored, the Minuets, especially the trio, were playful and sweet, and the last movement was equal, if not superior to the preceding."〔Quoted from Robbins Landon (1976, 295)〕 The ''Sun'' wrote: :''HAYDN's new Overture was much applauded. It is a fine mixture of grandeur and fancy ... the second movement was encored.''〔Robbins Landon (1976, 296)〕 Haydn later performed the work in Vienna, and for this purpose made a small cut in the final movement, which is usually respected by conductors today. Since its premiere the "Drumroll" Symphony has been a favorite among Haydn's symphonies, and it is frequently performed and recorded today. In 1831, Richard Wagner arranged it for piano.〔Deathridge J., Geck M. and Voss E. (1986). ''Wagner Werk-Verzeichnis (WWV): Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke Richard Wagners und ihrer Quellen'' ("Catalogue of Wagner's Works: Catalogue of Musical Compositions by Richard Wagner and Their Sources"). Mainz, London, & New York: Schott Musik International. pp. 76 – 77〕 The symphony takes about 30 minutes to perform. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphony No. 103 (Haydn)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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